![]() ![]() Rustamid imamate ( Algeria, 767–909 CE).Kingdom of the Vandals and Alans (435–534 CE).Kingdom of Mauretania (285 BCE–431 CE and again (533–698 CE).Middle Kingdom of Egypt (2040-1650 BCE).The Islamic empires of North and Northeast Africa do not fall into this categorization and should be discussed as part of the Muslim world.Īncient Carthage and its dependencies in 264 BC. Kingdoms where the external affairs are regulated by a council of elders headed by the king, who is simply primus inter pares. Federations such as the Ashanti Union. ![]() This type is rather common in Africa, examples including the Kongo of the 17th century, the Cazembe, Luapula, Kuba, Ngonde, Mlanje, Ha, Zinza and Chagga states of the 18th century. These kingdoms are morphologically intermediate between regal kingdoms and federations. Aristocratic Kingdoms: the only link between central authority and the provinces is payment of tribute.Examples are the Bamileke, Lunda, Luba and Lozi The hereditary chiefdoms of the provinces were left undisturbed after conquest. Incorporative Kingdoms: Kingdoms where the king only controls the external affairs with no permanent administrative links between him and the chiefs of the provinces.The king and his chiefs belong to the same religion or group. Regal Kingdoms: Kingdoms where the king controls the external affairs directly, and the internal affairs via a system of overseers.Examples are Rwanda, Ankole, Busoga and the Kingdom of Kongo in the 16th century. Despotic Kingdoms: Kingdoms where the king controls the internal and external affairs directly.Historian Jan Vansina (1962) discusses the classification of Sub-Saharan African Kingdoms, mostly of Central, South and East Africa, with some additional data on West African (Sahelian) Kingdoms distinguishing five types, by decreasing centralization of power: Some kingdoms, such as the Kingdom of Ardra in Benin, Buganda in Uganda, or the Kingdom of Bailundo in Angola, still exist today as non-sovereign monarchies, with varying legal and constitutional statuses within their respective countries. 1880–1914) when most of the continent came under the control of European powers. This is a list of kingdoms in pre-colonial Africa, which existed before the Scramble for Africa ( c. ![]()
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